The Impact of Adaptive Learning Systems on Learner Motivation and Engagement

Adaptive learning systems (ALS) powered by artificial intelligence (AI) have become revolutionary tools in education, offering individualised instruction based on learner profiles. Using well-known educational psychology theories like Self-Determination Theory, Flow Theory, and Cognitive Load Theory, this theoretical article investigates the conceptual underpinnings connecting ALS with student motivation and engagement. In order to demonstrate how AI-enabled personalisation, feedback, and adaptive scaffolding can promote intrinsic motivation, long-term engagement, and better learning results, the article offers a conceptual model. Future research, educational policy, and instructional design implications are examined.