Supplementary Material for: Clinical, cytogenetic and molecular evaluation in a dog with bilateral cryptorchidism and hypospadias

The aim of this study was to estimate prognostic factors in a Dalmatian dog with bilateral cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Cytogenetic and molecular analyses revealed a normal karyotype (2n = 78,XY) and the presence of <i>SRY, INSL3</i> and <i>RXFP2 </i>genes with a normal DNA sequence for <i>SRY</i> and <i>RXFP2</i>, while the <i>INSL3</i> sequence differed slightly from the normal one due to a heterozygous nucleotide change involving amino acid 22 of the INSL3 dog precursor protein. Levels of plasmatic testosterone were only 0.01 ng/ml, while FSH and LH serum levels were not detectable. After the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) test, the serum testosterone level was 0.01 ng/ml. Therefore, the phenotypic aetiology of this subject can not be well-defined because cryptorchidism and hypospadias were frequent clinical features with high genetic heterogeneity.