Towards Sustainable Pathways: Assessing Green Investment Efficiency, Spatial Inequalities, and Dynamic Evolution in China's Belt and Road Areas under the "Dual Carbon" Initiative

The research selects data from 18 provinces along the "Belt and Road" (B&R) in China from 2008 to 2022 as the research sample. The super-SBM model with undesirable output is employed to measure and evaluate the green investment efficiency (GIE) of these provinces and regions. Furthermore, the Dagum decomposition is adopted to examine the magnitude and sources of regional disparities in GIE among the provinces along the B&R. Kernel density estimation (KDE) is used to analyze the dynamic evolution of GIE at the national level and within three major regions.