Intestinal Akkermansia muciniphila complements the therapeutic efficacy of PD1 therapy by reshaping the immunosuppressive microenvironment in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma [bulk RNA-Seq]

The mechanism underlying negative regulatory role of Akk in hepatic steatosis was examined using bulk RNA sequencing. C57BL/6 mice were fed orally with 5x10^9 CFU of Akk or control PBS for 2 weeks prior to the start of the MCD diet for 2 weeks followed by orthotopic implantation of luciferase labelled RIL-175 cells for establishment NAFLD-induced HCC mouse model. The treatment continued in the period of MCD diet. After orthotopic transplantation, feeding of Akk was paused for 6 days to allow mice to recover from surgery, and the treatment was resumed until the end of the experiment. Liver tumors were harvested for RNA extraction.