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Circulating tumor
DNA (ctDNA) has been increasingly proposed as a biomarker for

characterizing and
monitoring minimal residual disease (MRD) in various solid cancers,

e.g., breast
cancer and lung cancer. However, such studies for intracranial gliomas remain
very few. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising source of ctDNA but still
not enough for in-depth application. In this background, here, we reported on
glioma cases:

1. Tumor in-situ
fluid (TISF) is the local fluid at the tumor site after surgical resection.

Through an
intraoperatively implanted Ommaya reservoir, we obtained it

postoperatively
for ctDNA analysis.

2. TISF ctDNA
could reflect the existence of MRD in glioma patients although no

malignancy was
observed by MRI.

3. Sequential
follow-up TISF ctDNA could track the molecular evolution of MRD and identify
pseudoprogression (PsP) after surgery.

To the best of our
knowledge, it is the first evidence of TISF-based liquid biopsy for glioma,

which would
intrigue scholars and start new conversations in this field.