euv-spectra

---

# Solar EUV Spectra Modeling Dataset

## Dataset Summary

This dataset provides time-aligned Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance spectra from NASA’s SDO/EVE (Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment) instrument. This dataset enables machine learning models to learn from and predict EUV spectral behavior driven by solar dynamics. It addresses the need for high-resolution, calibrated spectral data paired with physics-based contextual input. It is designed for image-to-spectra regression modeling, and includes 1,343-dimensional EUV spectrum spanning ~6.5–33.3 nm (with a 0.02 nm spectral resolution and 12-minute cadence). The dataset covers May 2010 to May 2014 (Solar Cycle 24, from MEGS-A operational period). The primary source of the dataset is the SDO/EVE Level 2b data product which contains 60-second integrations of extracted solar EUV irradiance in selected lines spanning a wide range of solar temperature measured by the MEGS-A and MEGS-B detectors. These observations are downsampled to 12-minute cadence. This dataset particularly contains [MEGS-A data](https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/). The Level 2b irradiance data are adjusted to 1-AU. Each MEGS-A irradiance observation is represented as a one-dimensional vector with 1,343 bins. These measurements are strictly positive and span a dynamic range of 1e-9 to 1e-1 W/m^2/nm, depending on the feature and flare class. Both quiet-Sun and flare periods are included. The list of wavelengths are provided in `euv_wavelengths.csv`. The dataset is primarily structured for machine learning experiments with splits designed for consistent training, validation, and testing across available years.

## Supported Tasks and Applications

- **Regression modeling**: Predicting EUV spectra from coronal images (e.g., SDO/AIA)
- **Time-series forecasting**: Modeling spectral evolution across Solar Cycle 24
- **Inverse modeling**: Connecting spectral observations to physical parameters (e.g., Differential Emission Measures)
- **Space weather applications**: Improved EUV proxy models for ionospheric/thermospheric modeling

## Data Structure

### Data Files
Each dataset split is stored in tabular format (csv). Each row corresponds to a single **timestamped spectrum** with 12-minute cadence.

- `train.csv`: Instances from Feb 15 to Dec 31 in each year between 2010–2014
- `validation.csv`: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2012 and 2013
- `test.csv`: Instances from Jan 15–31 from years 2011 and 2014
- `leaky_validation.csv`: Instances from Jan 1–14 and Feb 1-14 of each year between 2010–2014

### Features

- **`timestamp`**: UTC datetime string (ISO 8601 format)
- **`[intensity columns]*1,343`**: spectral irradiance (W/m²/nm) at a given wavelength bin (e.g., `7.21`)

## Dataset Details

| Field | Description |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| **Temporal Coverage** | May 2010 – May 2014 |
| **Data Format** | CSV (.csv) |
| **Data Shape** | (1, 1343) per instance |
| **Cadence** | 12 minutes |
| **Data Size** | Total 189,344 instances |
| **Total File Size** | ~3.2GB |

## Authors
- Shah Mohammad Bahauddin, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder. [[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail])

## License
This dataset is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) License.

## Citation

Woods, T. N., Eparvier, F. G., Hock, R., Jones, A. R., Woodraska, D., Judge, D., ... & Viereck, R. (2012). Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO): Overview of science objectives, instrument design, data products, and model developments. The solar dynamics observatory, 115-143, doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6

Woodraska, D., & Eparvier, F. G. (2024). Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment (EVE): Version 8 science data product Release Notes, LASP / University of Colorado Boulder Technical Document. https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/EVE_L2B_V8_README.pdf

# 太阳极紫外（Extreme Ultraviolet, EUV）光谱建模数据集

## 数据集概览
本数据集提供了来自美国国家航空航天局（NASA）太阳动力学天文台/极紫外变率实验仪（Solar Dynamics Observatory/Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment, SDO/EVE）的时间对齐极紫外辐照度光谱。本数据集支持机器学习模型学习并预测由太阳动力学过程驱动的EUV光谱行为，填补了高分辨率定标光谱数据与基于物理的上下文输入相结合的需求空白。本数据集专为图像到光谱的回归建模设计，包含覆盖约6.5–33.3 nm波段的1343维EUV光谱（光谱分辨率0.02 nm，采样间隔12分钟）。数据集涵盖2010年5月至2014年5月（第24太阳活动周，MEGS-A仪器运行时段）。本数据集的主要来源为SDO/EVE的Level 2b数据产品，该产品包含由MEGS-A和MEGS-B探测器测量的、覆盖广泛太阳温度范围的选定谱线的太阳EUV辐照度60秒积分数据。这些观测数据被下采样至12分钟采样间隔。本数据集特别包含[MEGS-A数据](https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/)。Level 2b辐照度数据已校准至1天文单位（1-AU）。每一条MEGS-A辐照度观测结果以包含1343个通道的一维向量表示，所有测量值均为正值，动态范围为1e-9至1e-1 W/m²/nm，具体数值取决于谱线特征与耀斑等级。数据集同时包含宁静太阳与耀斑时段的数据。波长列表已在`euv_wavelengths.csv`中提供。本数据集主要面向机器学习实验设计，数据集划分方式可确保2010–2014年各年份的训练、验证与测试集划分保持一致性。

## 支持的任务与应用场景
- **回归建模**：从日冕图像（如SDO/AIA图像）预测EUV光谱
- **时间序列预测**：建模第24太阳活动周期间的光谱演化过程
- **反演建模**：将光谱观测结果与物理参数（如微分发射量（Differential Emission Measures））建立关联
- **空间天气应用**：为电离层/热层建模提供更精准的EUV代理模型

## 数据结构
### 数据文件
各数据集划分均以表格格式（CSV）存储。每一行对应一条带有12分钟采样间隔的带时间戳的光谱数据。
- `train.csv`：2010–2014年各年份的2月15日至12月31日的样本
- `validation.csv`：2012年与2013年的1月15日至31日的样本
- `test.csv`：2011年与2014年的1月15日至31日的样本
- `leaky_validation.csv`：2010–2014年各年份的1月1日至14日与2月1日至14日的样本

### 特征
- **`timestamp`**：UTC日期时间字符串（ISO 8601格式）
- **`[强度列]*1,343`**：特定波长通道的光谱辐照度（W/m²/nm），例如`7.21`

## 数据集详情
| 字段 | 描述 |
|------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
| **时间覆盖范围** | 2010年5月 – 2014年5月 |
| **数据格式** | 逗号分隔值文件（CSV） |
| **单实例数据形状** | (1, 1343) |
| **采样间隔** | 12分钟 |
| **数据规模** | 总计189,344条样本 |
| **总文件大小** | 约3.2 GB |

## 作者
- Shah Mohammad Bahauddin，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校大气与空间物理实验室（Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics, University of Colorado Boulder）。[[e-mail]](mailto:[e-mail])

## 授权协议
本数据集采用知识共享署名4.0国际（CC BY 4.0）许可协议进行授权。

## 引用文献
1. Woods, T. N., Eparvier, F. G., Hock, R., Jones, A. R., Woodraska, D., Judge, D., 等 & Viereck, R. (2012). 太阳动力学天文台（SDO）极紫外变率实验仪（EVE）：科学目标、仪器设计、数据产品与模型开发概述。《太阳动力学观测》，115-143，doi: http://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-009-9487-6
2. Woodraska, D., & Eparvier, F. G. (2024). 太阳动力学天文台（SDO）极紫外变率实验仪（EVE）：版本8科学数据产品发布说明，科罗拉多大学博尔德分校大气与空间物理实验室技术文档。https://lasp.colorado.edu/eve/data_access/eve_data/products/level2b/EVE_L2B_V8_README.pdf