Regioselective N- and C‑Metalation of Neutral 2‑Halogenobenzimidazole Derivatives

Neutral
2-chlorobenzimidazole (1) and its derivatives
8-chlorotheophylline (2) and 8-bromotheophylline (3) undergo at low temperature in THF an N–H polar oxidative
addition reaction with Ni0 to give exclusively the nickel­(II)
hydrido complexes trans-[4]–trans-[6] featuring an N-metalated five-membered
azolato heterocycle. In spite of the reactive C–halogen bond,
no C-metalation was observed in any of these reactions. At 45 °C,
however, 2-chlorobenzimidazole (1) reacts in toluene/hexane
in a polar oxidative addition of the C2–Cl bond to Ni0 to yield a mixture of the complexes trans-[8] and trans-[9] both bearing
a C-metalated benzimidazolato ligand. The related complex trans-[10] bearing a C-metalated azolato ligand
is formed in the oxidative addition of 2-chlorocaffeine, featuring
one alkylated ring nitrogen atom within the diaminoheterocycle to
Ni0.