Drug-induced cis-regulatory elements in human hepatocytes affect molecular phenotypes associated with drug efficacy and adverse reactions

We conducted a quantitative assessment of drug-inducible cis-regulatory elements (CREs) based on transcription initiation profiling of mRNAs and noncoding RNAs, including enhancer RNAs, by using CAGE (Cap Analysis of Gene Expression). Candidate CREs were identified in a hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cell line with stable expression of drug-responsive transcription factor pregnane X receptor (PXR) . Transcription initiatin profilig by CAGE for ShP51 cells (derived from HepG2 cells, with stable expression of PXR) with and without rifampicin