Exploring the construction of masculinity among male K-POP fans: a case study of K-POP fandom in Makassar City within the context of social environmet and education

Background: In contemporary Indonesian society, K-Pop has emerged as a significant cultural phenomenon with a unique impact on gender perceptions. This study aims to explore the social construction of masculinity among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar, Indonesia, and examine the societal positioning of this form of masculinity. It draws on the definition of masculinity as a societal construct and examines how masculinity is shaped by social influences. Method: Utilizing Peter L. Berger and Thomas Luckmann's theory of social construction, the study views masculinity as a dynamic process involving externalization, objectivation, and internalization. It also references Janet Saltzman Chafetz's identification of areas of masculinity and R.W. Connell's concept of hegemonic masculinity to understand the hierarchical nature of masculine identities. Findings: Despite the popularity of K-Pop, male fans often face negative stigma and discrimination due to perceptions of K-Pop as feminine. The study reveals how masculinity is constructed among K-Pop fanboys in Makassar and their experiences of societal discrimination. Conclusion: By analyzing these dynamics, the study contributes to a broader understanding of the diverse forms of masculinity and the impact of cultural phenomena like K-Pop on gender constructs. Novelty/Originality of this study: This study highlights the unique dynamics in the construction of masculinity among male K-Pop fans in Indonesia, revealing the complex interactions between global culture, local gender identities, and social stigma. By applying social construction theory to the K-Pop phenomenon, this study opens up new perspectives in understanding the evolution of masculinity in the era of pop culture globalization.

研究背景：在当代印度尼西亚社会中，韩国流行音乐（K-Pop）已成为极具影响力的文化现象，对性别认知产生了独特影响。本研究旨在探究印度尼西亚望加锡地区韩国流行音乐男粉丝群体中男性气质的社会建构过程，并考察此类男性气质的社会定位。本研究以男性气质为社会建构物的定义为基础，探讨社会影响如何塑造男性气质。
研究方法：本研究采用彼得·L·伯杰（Peter L. Berger）与托马斯·勒克曼（Thomas Luckmann）的社会建构理论，将男性气质视为包含外化、客观化与内化的动态过程。同时，本研究借鉴珍妮特·萨尔茨曼·查菲茨（Janet Saltzman Chafetz）对男性气质范畴的界定，以及R·W·康奈尔（R.W. Connell）的霸权男性气质（hegemonic masculinity）概念，以解析男性身份的层级性特征。
研究发现：尽管韩国流行音乐拥有极高人气，但男粉丝常因大众将其视为"女性化"文化的认知，而遭遇负面污名与歧视。本研究揭示了望加锡地区韩国流行音乐男粉丝群体的男性气质建构路径，以及他们所经历的社会歧视体验。
研究结论：通过对上述动态过程的分析，本研究有助于更全面地理解男性气质的多元形态，以及韩国流行音乐这类文化现象对性别建构的影响。
本研究创新性：本研究聚焦印度尼西亚韩国流行音乐男粉丝群体男性气质建构的独特动态，揭示了全球文化、本土性别身份与社会污名之间的复杂互动关系。本研究将社会建构理论应用于韩国流行音乐现象，为理解流行文化全球化时代下男性气质的演化路径提供了全新视角。