Cytokine and chemokine levels in serum of WNV-infected WT, <i>Mavs</i>^−/−, <i>Ifnar</i>^−/−, and <i>Mavs</i>^−/−×<i>Ifnar</i>^−/− DKO mice.

WT, Ifnar−/−, Mavs−/−, Ifnar−/−×Mavs−/− DKO (n = 4 for each group) were infected with 102 PFU of WNV. After 48 hours, serum was collected and the concentration of cytokines was determined. Mean values, SD, and P values are compared to WT mice. Not detected (ND) indicates samples that were below the limit of detection for the assay. ns, indicates results that are not statistically different from WT mice.