Targeted lipidomics and transcriptomics data of white adipose tissue under ER stress

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to impair the function of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), disrupting lipid metabolism. Despite the crucial role lipid plays in regulating adipose tissue function, the specific lipidomic alterations in VAT and SAT under ER stress remain unclear. In this study, ER stress was induced in VAT and SAT, and targeted lipidomic and transcriptomic approaches were applied to assess the profiles of lipid metabolism and gene expression under ER stress condition. . The results revealed that VAT displayed a more pronounced ER stress response, including a marked increase in binding immunoglobulin protein (BiP) expression, and significant lipidomic disruptions, particularly in glycerides and sterols. These disruptions involved a reduction in protective polyunsaturated fatty acyl species and the accumulation of lipotoxic molecules. While SAT exhibited less severe disruptions in lipid metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis further revealed tissue-specific gene expression patterns, with VAT being more susceptible to immune activation, inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, while SAT exhibited alterations predominantly in protein folding processes. These findings provide critical insights into tissue-specific mechanisms of ER stress adaptation in adipose tissues, positioning VAT as a potential therapeutic target for addressing metabolic dysfunction in obesity-related disorders.