Cardiometabolic and Metabolic Profiles in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Associated with Type 2 Diabetes

Supplementary document for publishing on American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism related to the research article "Cardiometabolic and Metabolic Profiles in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Associated with Type 2 Diabetes".Abstract: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a common disorder of gut-brain interaction, has been increasingly associated with metabolic dysfunction and cardiometabolic risk. This study aimed to comprehensively assess cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with IBS and to characterize their metabolic profiles in comparison with those of healthy and diabetic cohorts. First, in a retrospective database analysis, cardiometabolic risk factors of patients with IBS (n = 582,377) were compared with healthy controls (HC) (n = 1,492,376). Following propensity score matching (n = 492,468), cardiometabolic parameters were analyzed during a follow-up period of one to 24 months post-index. Second, a total of 234 individuals underwent comprehensive metabolic phenotyping utilizing state-of-the-art nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, comparing blood profiles of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D), IBS, and HC. We observed an increased cardiometabolic risk profile in patients with IBS compared to HC, characterized by higher mean body mass index, higher triglyceride levels, lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and higher hemoglobin A1c levels. Odds ratios (OR) were significantly increased in IBS, particularly for chronic hypergylcemia (OR = 16.32; p