Four-gene-based risk score model from peripheral blood: enhancing diagnosis, prognosis, and immunotherapy response assessment in patients with lung adenocarcinoma

A four-gene risk score model was established based on transcriptome sequencing of peripheral blood samples from 20 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients and 10 healthy individuals. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified 546 LUAD-associated genes within the blue module. Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator regression was applied to construct the diagnostic model. The model demonstrated strong diagnostic and prognostic performance across multiple external datasets. Additionally, the risk score functioned as an independent prognostic factor and showed potential in predicting response to immunotherapy. This peripheral blood-derived gene signature may serve as a valuable tool for LUAD diagnosis, prognosis evaluation, and therapeutic decision-making. Further validation in larger prospective studies is warranted.