Modified quadriceps moment arm for better estimation of the knee contact forces

We modified the musculoskeletal model developed by Catelli et al. (1) by including the knee mechanism introduced by Lerner et al. (2) for separately estimating the medial and lateral tibiofemoral joint contact forces. We also replaced the wrapping surface for the knee extensor muscles with a separate surface for each of the muscles for improving the estimation of the knee joint contact forces. This modification was executed to better replicate the moment arm proposed by Bakenecker et al. (3), which was based on different moment arm functions presented in the current literature and validated using in vivo measurements. Further details regarding the model can be found in the supplementary material (4).(1) Catelli DS, Wesseling M, Jonkers I, Lamontagne M. A musculoskeletal model customized for squatting task. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering. 2019.(2) Lerner ZF, DeMers MS, Delp SL, Browning RC. How tibiofemoral alignment and contact locations affect predictions of medial and lateral tibiofemoral contact forces. Journal of Biomechanics. 2015.(3) Bakenecker P, Raiteri B, Hahn D. Patella tendon moment arm function considerations for human vastus lateralis force estimates. Journal of Biomechanics. 2019.(4) Bosch Will, Esrafilian Amir, Vartiainen Paavo, Arokoski Jari, Korhonen Rami K., Stenroth Lauri. Alterations in the Functional Knee Alignment Are Not an Effective Strategy to Modify the Mediolateral Distribution of Knee Forces During Closed Kinetic Chain Exercises. Journal of Applied Biomechanics. 2022. <br/><br/>This project includes the following software/data packages: <br/> <ul> <li> <a href="https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=2120#pack_2362">Modified knee extensors MA </a> : The project presents a modified version of Catelli et al. model with improved knee extensor muscle moment arms for better prediction of knee contact forces.Please cite: https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0310 when using the model. </li> </ul>

我们对Catelli等（1）所开发的骨骼肌肉模型进行了改进，通过纳入Lerner等（2）提出的膝关节机制，实现了对内侧和外侧胫股关节接触力的分别估算。同时，我们还更换了膝关节屈肌的包裹表面，为每块肌肉分别设置独立表面，以提升膝关节接触力的估算精度。此次改进旨在更精确地复现Bakenecker等（3）所提出的力臂概念，该概念基于当前文献中提出的不同力臂函数，并通过体内测量进行了验证。有关该模型的具体细节，可参考补充材料（4）。（1）Catelli DS, Wesseling M, Jonkers I, Lamontagne M. 针对蹲起任务的定制骨骼肌肉模型. 计算机生物力学与生物医学工程。2019。（2）Lerner ZF, DeMers MS, Delp SL, Browning RC. 胫股关节对线与接触位置如何影响内侧和外侧胫股关节接触力的预测. 生物力学杂志。2015。（3）Bakenecker P, Raiteri B, Hahn D. 关于髌腱力臂函数在人类股外侧肌力估计中的应用考虑. 生物力学杂志。2019。（4）Bosch Will, Esrafilian Amir, Vartiainen Paavo, Arokoski Jari, Korhonen Rami K., Stenroth Lauri. 功能性膝关节对线改变并非有效策略以修改闭链运动中的膝部力矩分布. 应用生物力学杂志。2022。<br/><br/>本项目包含以下软件/数据包：<br/> <ul> <li> <a href="https://simtk.org/frs?group_id=2120#pack_2362">修改后的膝关节屈肌模型MA </a> : 本项目提出对Catelli等（1）模型的改进版本，该版本通过优化膝关节屈肌的力臂，以更好地预测膝关节接触力。使用该模型时，请引用：https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.2021-0310。</li> </ul>