Progress and Prospects of Combined Targets in Macromolecular Drugs

Bispecific antibodies with combined targets can recognize two or more epitopes on the same or different targets. This field has undergone a gradual evolution from initial attention to bispecific antibodies to the approval of BiTE （bispecific T-cell engager） therapy by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration （FDA），achieving significant progress over the past two decades. Owing to advancements in protein engineering technologies and great efforts in preclinical research，bispecific antibodies have been continuously developed and optimized to improve their efficacy and to reduce toxicity. This article focuses on the current development challenges，potential solutions，and future directions of bispecific antibodies in anticancer therapy.