(A) Smoothed log odds (contours) of typhoid fever by age group across the study area, adjusted for age and household size, with cases (black points) and controls (grey points) overlaid.

P-values test for significance of the observed spatial pattern in log odds against a homogenous risk surface (i.e., where the log odds is zero at all locations). (B) Adjusted odds ratios from the multi-variate logistic model (Table 2) for the association between elevation and typhoid fever for both children (10 years), with 95% CI overlaid (dashed lines). Odds ratio of 1 (ref odds = 1740 meters in elevation) indicated by horizontal red line.