TABLE 2 in Pelagic tunicates (Appendicularia and Thaliacea) of Sri Lanka: two first records with an annotated checklist

TABLE 2. Annotated checklist of pelagic tunicates recorded within the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of Sri Lanka. Explanation of abbreviations (BBR, IOR and LSR) in “distribution” column, and sampling stations (St.) are corresponding to Fig. 1 and Table 1, while the bracketed abbreviations in the same “distribution” column, i.e., NEM (northeast monsoon), FIM (first inter-monsoon), SWM (southwest monsoon), and SIM (second inter-monsoon) have been further described in the introduction part. Underlining of citations indicates works, which are not original studies from Sri Lanka. Classification of taxaSource of Sri Lankan recordRemarksDistribution within EEZ [occurring season]Class: AppendiculariaOrder: CopelataFamily: FritillariidaeFritillaria borealis Lohmann, 1896Lohmann (1931)Twenty-one specimens were sampled through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217) in February 1899LSR [NEM]Fritillaria borealis sargassi Lohmann, 1896Fenaux (1969), Present studyFenaux identified some specimens collected by “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.367) in June 1964; and 11 specimens were sampled off the southwestern coast (St. 205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–10 m)BBR [SWM]; LSR [NEM]Fritillaria formica digitata Lohmann, in Lohmann & Bückmann, 1926Fenaux (1969), Present studySome specimens were collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.366, 367) in June 1964; and 11 specimens were obtained off the southwestern coast (St.205) in “ Waya-jel - Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–10 m)BBR [SWM]; LSR [NEM]Fritillaria formica Fol, 1872Lohmann (1931), Li et al. (2017)Sixteen specimens collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217) in February 1899 were examined by Lohmann; and several specimens collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011 were identified by Li et al.IOR [FIM]; LSR [NEM]Fritillaria fraudax Lohmann, 1896Li et al. (2017)A few specimens were collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011IOR [FIM]Fritillaria gracilis Lohmann, 1896Fenaux (1969), Li et al. (2017)Fenaux identified some specimens collected by “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.357) in June 1964; and a few specimens sampled during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011 were examined by Li et al.BBR [SWM]; IOR [FIM]Fritillaria pellucida (Busch, 1851)Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969), Li et al. (2017)Lohmann inspected 53 specimens collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217) that made in February 1899; Fenaux’s identification was based on some specimens collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.367), made in June 1964; and several specimens collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011 were identified by Li et al.BBR [SWM]; IOR [FIM]; LSR [NEM]Fritillaria venusta Lohmann, 1896Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969)Lohmann’s identification was based on 21 specimens collected through “ Valdivia- Expedition” (St.217), made in February 1899; and some specimens collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.368) in June 1964 were inspected by FenauxBBR [SWM]; LSR [NEM]Tectillaria fertilis (Lohmann, 1896)Fenaux (1969)Specimens from the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.366) that made in June 1964BBR [SWM]Family: OikopleuridaeMegalocercus huxleyi (Ritter in Ritter & Byxbee, 1905)Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969), Nair et al. (1981)A single specimen collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St. 217) in February 1899 was identified by Lohmann; Fenaux’s identification was based on some specimens collected by “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.356–358, 366–369) in June 1964; several samples collected during the 35th and 36th cruises of “R.V. Gaveshani ” (St. 910–915, 917) in June 1978 were examined by Nair et al.BBR [SWM]; IOR [SWM]; LSR [NEM]Oikopleura albicans (Leuckart, 1854)Fenaux (1969)Some specimens were collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St. 366, 368) in June 1964BBR [SWM]Oikopleura cophocerca (Gegenbaur, 1855)Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969), Li et al. (2017), Present studySeven specimens found during “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St. 217) in February 1899 were examined by Lohmann; Fenaux’s identification was based on some specimens collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St. 357, 358, 366–369) that made in June 1964; several specimens collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011 were identified by Li et al.; and 12 specimens were collected off the southwestern coast (St. 205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–10 m)BBR [SWM]; IOR [FIM]; LSR [NEM]Oikopleura dioica Fol, 1872Wimalasiri et al. (2020)Several specimens were collected from the northwest (mouth of Puttalam Lagoon) and southwest (30–50 km off from St.133) of Sri Lanka from January to December 2016BBR [year-round]Oikopleura fusiformis Fol, 1872Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969), Li et al. (2017), Present studyLohmann’s identification was based on two specimens sampled by “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St. 217) in February 1899; Fenaux identified some specimens collected by “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.356–358, 366–369) in June 1964; several specimens collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011 were identified by Li et al.; and 6 specimens were found off the southwestern coast (St. 205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–6 m)BBR [SWM]; IOR [FIM]; LSR [NEM]Oikopleura gracilis Lohmann, 1896Li et al. (2017)Few specimens were collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St. 124–126) in April 2011IOR [FIM]Oikopleura intermedia Lohmann, 1896Fenaux (1969)Specimens from the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St. 357, 358, 366–369) made in June 1964BBR [SWM]Oikopleura longicauda (Vogt, 1854)Lohmann (1931), Tokioka (1956), Fenaux (1969), Nair et al. (1981), Li et al. (2017), Present studyEighty-six specimens collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St. 217) in February 1899 were examined by Lohmann; Tokioka’s identification was based on a single specimen collected by “ Syunkotu-maru ” (St.11) cruised in December 1954; Fenaux identified some specimens collected by “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St. 356–358, 366–369) in June 1964; Nair et al. found several samples during the 35th and 36th cruises of “R.V. Gaveshani ” (St. 910–915, 917) made in June 1978; several specimens collected during the cruise of “ Shiyan 1” (St.124–126) in April 2011 were identified by Li et al.; and 10 specimens were collected off the southwestern coast (St. 205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–7 m)BBR [SWM]; IOR [NEM, FIM, SWM]; LSR [NEM]Oikopleura rufescens Fol, 1872Lohmann (1931), Fenaux (1969), Nair et al. (1981), Present studyFive specimens collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St. 217) in February 1899 were examined by Lohmann; Fenaux’s identification was based on some specimens collected in the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St. 356–358, 366–369) made in June 1964; several samples were collected during the 35th and 36th cruises of “R.V. Gaveshani ” (St. 910–915, 917) in June 1978 were examined by Nair et al.; and 13 specimens were collected off the southwestern coast (St. 205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–10 m)BBR [SWM]; IOR [SWM]; LSR [NEM]Oikopleura spp.Herdman (1906), Tokioka (1956)Many small individuals were collected from Galle Bay (around St.133) and off Negombo in February 1902 by Herdman; and Tokioka’s identification was based on a single specimen collected by “ Syunkotu-maru ” (St.11) in December 1954IOR [NEM]; LSR [NEM]Stegosoma magnum (Langerhans, 1880)Fenaux (1969)Specimens from the cruise of “I.N.S. Kistna ” (St.357, 358, 366–369) that made in June 1964BBR [SWM]Class: ThaliaceaOrder: DoliolidaFamily: DoliolidaeDoliolum denticulatum Quoy & Gaimard, 1834Neumann (1906), Present studySpecimens obtained through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217) in February 1899 were identified by Neumann; and a gonozooid and a nurse were collected off the southwestern coast (St.205) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2020 (depth 0–1 m)LSR [NEM]Doliolum spp.Herdman (1906), Nair (1949)Herdman’s identification was based on some specimens (probably two species) found from Pearl Banks, and Galle Harbour (around St.133) in February 1902 (depth ≈80 m)LSR [NEM]Order: PyrosomatidaFamily: PyrosomatidaePyrosomella verticillata (Neumann, 1909)Neumann (1909, 1913), Metcalf & Hopkins (1919), Sewell (1953), Van Soest (1979, 1981)Thirteen colonies collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217) in February 1899 were used for the original description by Neumann; and a few specimens were captured in “ Dana -Expedition” (St.3907) (see Van Soest 1979: Fig. 9, 1981: Fig. 7)IOR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Pyrosoma aherniosum Seeliger, 1895Neumann (1913), Van Soest (1981)Neumann’s identification was based on 5 colonies collected through “ Valdivia - Expedition” (St.217); and Van Soest (1981: Fig. 13) indicated its occurrence in Sri Lankan watersLSR [NEM]Pyrosoma atlanticum Péron, 1804Neumann (1913), Van Soest (1981)Neumann’s identification was based on 9 colonies captured through “ Valdivia-Expedition ” (St.217); and a few specimens were collected in “ Dana -Expedition” (St.3907) (see Van Soest 1981: Fig. 11)IOR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Pyrostremma agassizi (Ritter & Byxbee, 1905)Neumann (1913), Van Soest (1974b, 1981)Neumann’s identification was based on 3 colonies captured through “ Valdivia - Expedition” (St.217); and 6 juvenile colonies collected through “ Dana -Expedition” (St.3912) were inspected by Van Soest (1974b, 1981: Fig. 5)LSR [NEM]Pyrostremma spinosum (Herdman, 1888)Present studyIn the “ Waya-jel -Survey”, some pieces of two colonies were collected from Galle Bay (St. 133) and Koddiyar Bay (St. 62) in March and April 2017 respectively (depth 0–10 m), while few other colonies were observed off the southeastern coast as wellBBR [FIM]; IOR [FIM]; LSR [FIM]Order: SalpidaFamily: SalpidaeCyclosalpa affinis (Chamisso, 1819)Van Soest (1974c)Specimens were obtained through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3907) (see Van Soest 1974c: Fig. 6)IOR [SIM]Cyclosalpa floridana (Apstein, 1894)Apstein (1906), Sewell (1926), Nair (1949), Godeaux (1972), Van Soest (1974c)Apstein’s identification was based on 4 aggregate zooids found through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217); a single young embryo obtained in a surface tow-netting on Pearl Banks of Sri Lanka in January 1907 by Dr T. Southwell was studied by Sewell (1926) and Nair (1949: Pl. 6); Van Soest (1974c: Fig. 8)LSR [NEM]Cyclosalpa quadriluminis Berner, 1955Van Soest (1974c)Specimens were obtained through “ Dana -Expedition” (St.3907, 3912, 3914) (see Van Soest 1974c: Fig. 5)IOR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Iasis cylindrica (Cuvier, 1804)Herdman (1906), Nair (1949)Some individuals of both solitary and aggregated forms were obtained from the near-surface in tow-net gatherings on the Pearl Banks and Palk BayBBR [unknown]; LSR [unknown]Metcalfina hexagona (Quoy & Gaimard, 1824)Apstein (1906), Bomford (1913), Sewell (1926), Nair (1949)Apstein’s identification was based on 14 aggregate zooids found through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217); Bomford reported with one specimen of solitary zooid collected in October 1911 by “R.I.M.S. Investigator” (St.393); and Sewell (1926) and Nair (1949: Pl. 6) re-reported the species by inspecting the voucher specimen which has been stored in the Indian Museum (sampling depth 732 m)BBR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Pegea confoederata (Forskål, 1775)Van Soest (1974a), Present studyVan Soest (1974a: Fig. 9) examined specimens, which were collected through “ Dana - Expedition” (St.3907, 3912); and in the “ Waya-jel -Survey”, altogether 57 aggregate zooids, 8 solitary zooids and 3 embryos were collected from the southwest (St. 133, 170, 205) and northeast (St. 62, 81) Sri Lanka during June to December 2017 and in December 2019 (depth 0–10 m), while many colonies were observed off the southeastern and northwestern coasts as wellBBR [SWM, SIM, NEM]; IOR [SWM, SIM, NEM]; LSR [SWM, SIM, NEM]Pegea bicaudata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1826)Van Soest (1974a)Specimens were obtained through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3914) (see Van Soest 1974a: Fig. 10)LSR [NEM]Ritteriella picteti (Apstein, 1904)Van Soest (1974a)Specimens from “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3907) (see Van Soest 1974a: Fig. 12)IOR [SIM]Ritteriella retracta (Ritter, 1906)Van Soest (1974a)Specimens were collected through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3914) (see Van Soest 1974a: Fig. 12)LSR [NEM]Salpa aspera Chamisso, 1819Van Soest (1974a)Specimens from “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3907, 3912) (see Van Soest 1974a: Fig. 3)IOR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Salpa fusiformis Cuvier, 1804Apstein (1906), Herdman (1906), Nair (1949), Van Soest (1974a)Apstein’s identification was based on 4 aggregate and 7 solitary zooids collected through “ Valdivia -Expedition” (St.217); a number of both solitary and aggregated forms were found from Pearl Banks, Palk Bay and off Negombo by Herdman; Van Soest (1974a: Fig. 6) examined specimens which were collected through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3907)IOR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Salpa maxima Forskål, 1775Van Soest (1974a)Specimens were obtained through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3912) (see Van Soest 1974a: Fig. 2)LSR [NEM]Soestia zonaria (Pallas, 1774)Apstein (1906), Sewell (1926), Nair (1949)Apstein’s identification was based on 7 aggregate zooids collected through “ Valdivia - Expedition” (St.217); and a single solitary zooid collected by “R.I.M.S. Investigator” (St.393) from 732 m depth in October 1911 was examined by Sewell (1926) and Nair (1949: Pl. 6)BBR [SIM]; LSR [NEM]Thalia democratica (Forskål, 1775)Apstein (1906), Herdman (1906), Nair (1949)Apstein’s identification was based on 10 solitary zooids obtained through “ Valdivia - Expedition” (St.217); while Herdman collected few aggregated forms from Galle Bay (around St.133) in February, many of both solitary and aggregated forms off Negombo and a few specimens from Palk BayBBR [unknown]; LSR [NEM]Thalia sibogae Van Soest, 1973Present studyA single solitary zooid was collected from the near-surface of Galle Bay (St. 133) in “ Waya-jel -Survey” in January 2018 (depth 0.5 m)LSR [NEM]Thetys vagina Tilesius, 1802Oka (1915), Sewell (1926), Nair (1949)Recorded with a specimen collected off Colombo in the depth of 48.5 m by “R.I.M.S. Investigator” (St.152) cruised in December 1893 (see Nair 1949: Pl. 6)LSR [NEM]Traustedtia multitentaculata (Quoy & Gaimard, 1834)Van Soest (1975a)Specimens were obtained through “ Dana -Expedition” (St. 3914) (see Van Soest 1975a: Fig. 3)LSR [NEM] ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page ......continued on the next page