Metagenomic and metatranscriptomic characterization of syntrophic propionate- and butyrate-oxidizing bacterial communities in Qiangyong proglacial lake sediments on the Tibetan Plateau

This dataset presents 158 high-quality genomes of syntrophic bacteria critical for methane production in proglacial lakes, including: (1) 19 SPOB and 4 SBOB MAGs from Qiangyong Glacier Lake sediments (Tibetan Plateau) obtained through metagenomic sequencing and rigorous binning/quality control (completeness ≥50%, contamination ≤10%); and (2) 39 SPOB and 96 SBOB reference genomes from NCBI RefSeq. Comprehensive annotation revealed complete propionate/butyrate oxidation pathways and key electron transfer systems (hydrogenases/formate dehydrogenases). We identified 21 novel SPOB and 4 novel SBOB genera, with ecologically dominant taxa (Syntrophus, Smithella) and highly active novel lineages (Anaerolineae UBA1429, JAPLJM01). The dataset provides essential genomic resources for understanding microbial methane production in climate-sensitive cryospheric ecosystems, including quality-filtered MAGs, annotated genomes, functional profiles, and environmental metadata.