Difference analysis of clinical characteristics and immunological indicators in newly diagnosed myelofibrosis patients

Objective To analyze the differences in clinical characteristics and immunological indicators among primary myelofibrosis(PMF), pre-fibrotic primary myelofibrosis (pre-PMF) and secondary myelofibrosis(SMF), in order to provide theoretical basis for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods A retrospective analysis of the clinical information of 62 newly diagnosed MF patients was conducted to study the differences in 10 routine clinical characteristics and 19 kinds of immunological indicators between the PMF group, the pre-PMF group, the SMF group and three subgroups with different risk stratification.Results With regard to the clinical characteristics, the age of the PMF group was found to be higher than that of the pre-PMF group (P < 0.05). The RBC, HGB and HCT values in the PMF group were observed to be lower than those in the SMF group, while the LDH values were higher (P < 0.05). The RBC, HGB and HCT values for the pre-PMF group were observed to be lower than those for the SMF group (P < 0.05). With regard to the immunological indicators, it was observed that the level of IL-6 was higher in the PMF group than in the SMF group (P < 0.05). In patients classified as low-risk or medium-risk according to the DIPSS/MYSEC-PM system, the proportion of T lymphocytes was found to be lower in the PMF group than in the pre-PMF group. Additionally, the levels of IL-10 and IL-17 were higher in the PMF group than in the pre-PMF group (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-10 and IL-17 in the PMF group were found to be higher than those in the SMF group (P < 0.05). The proportion of B lymphocytes in the pre-PMF group was found to be lower than that observed in the SMF group (P < 0.05). In patients with medium-risk/high-risk DIPSS/MYSEC-PM, IL-6 was elevated and IL-17 was diminished in the PMF group relative to the SMF group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the remaining immunological indicators.Conclusion In comparison to the pre-PMF and SMF groups, the PMF group exhibited more pronounced clinical characteristics and aberrant immunological indicators. Significant differences were observed in the proportion of T lymphocytes across different risk stratifications, as well as in IL-6, IL-10, IL-17 and other immunological indicators. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the potential factors associated with the poor prognosis of PMF, and provide a reference for clarifying the diagnosis of MF, optimising the immunotherapy plan and improving the prognosis of MF patients.