Data from: Weed evolution: genetic differentiation among wild, weedy, and crop radish

Approximately 200 weed species are responsible for more than 90% of crop
losses and these comprise less than one percent of all named plant
species, suggesting that there are only a few evolutionary routes that
lead to weediness. Agricultural weeds can evolve along three main paths:
they can be escaped crops, wild species, or crop-wild hybrids. We tested
these three hypotheses in weedy radish, a weed of small grains and an
emerging model for investigating the evolution of agricultural weeds,
using 21 CAPS and SSR markers scored on 338 individuals from 34
populations representing all major species and sub-species in the radish
genus Raphanus. To test for adaptation of the weeds to the agricultural
environment, we estimated genetic differentiation in flowering time in a
series of common garden experiments with over 2400 individuals from 43
populations (all but one of the genotyped populations plus 10 additional
populations). Our findings suggest that the agricultural weed radish R.r.
raphanistrum is most genetically similar to native populations of R.r.
raphanistrum, and is likely not a feral crop or crop hybrid. We also show
that weedy radish flowers more rapidly than any other Raphanus population
or cultivar, which is consistent with rapid adaptation to the frequent and
severe disturbance that characterizes agricultural fields.