AGRN binds Alpha-dystroglycan
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Agrin (AGRN) is a multidomain heparan sulfate proteoglycan found in basement membranes, named for its ability to promote aggregation of AChR clusters on the muscle surface directly beneath the nerve terminal (Nitkin et al. 1987). It is a critical organizer of postsynaptic differentiation at the skeletal neuromuscular junction; synaptogenesis is profoundly disrupted in its absence (Gautam et al. 1996, Daniels 2012). Two alternate N-termini exist with differential expression, tissue localization and function. The secreted and predominant longer LN form (Burgess et al. 2000) starts with a secretion signal sequence and a laminin-binding domain (Denzer et al. 1995, Kammerer et al. 1999); the shorter SN form associates with the plasma membrane (Burgess et al. 2000, Neumann et al. 2001). Following the SN or LN regions are 8 follistatin repeats, known to bind growth factors and inhibit proteases in other proteins. The central region has two repeats homologous to domain III of laminin. The C-terminal portion, which is responsible for the molecule's known signaling functions, contains four EGF repeats and three LG (G) domains homologous to those found in laminin alpha chains, neurexins and slits (Timpl et al. 2000). <br><br>The LG domains of AGRN bind alpha-dystroglycan (Yamada et al. 1996, Gee et al. 1994, Bowen et al. 1996, Campanelli et al. 1996, Gesemann et al. 1996, Hopf & Hoch 1996).
Agrin(AGRN)是一种多领域肝素硫酸酯蛋白聚糖,存在于基膜中,因其能直接促进位于神经末梢下方肌肉表面乙酰胆碱受体(AChR)簇的聚集而得名(Nitkin 等人,1987年)。它是骨骼神经肌肉接点处突触后分化的关键组织者;其缺失将导致突触发生显著紊乱(Gautam 等人,1996年,Daniels,2012年)。存在两种不同的N端,具有差异性的表达、组织定位和功能。分泌的且占主导地位的长链LN型(Burgess 等人,2000年)以一个分泌信号序列和一个层粘连蛋白结合域为起始(Denzer 等人,1995年,Kammerer 等人,1999年);较短的SN型则与质膜相联系(Burgess 等人,2000年,Neumann 等人,2001年)。在SN或LN区域之后,有8个 follistatin 重复序列,已知这些序列可以结合生长因子并抑制其他蛋白质中的蛋白酶。中央区域含有两个与层粘连蛋白III结构域同源的重复序列。C端区域,负责该分子已知的信号传导功能,含有四个表皮生长因子(EGF)重复序列和三个与层粘连蛋白α链、神经突触和缝隙同源的LG(G)结构域(Timpl 等人,2000年)。AGRN的LG结构域能够结合α-肌动蛋白糖蛋白(Yamada 等人,1996年,Gee 等人,1994年,Bowen 等人,1996年,Campanelli 等人,1996年,Gesemann 等人,1996年,Hopf & Hoch,1996年)。
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