Mountain speciation driven by high rates of lineage formation and rapid evolution of partial reproductive isolation: Insights from a recent radiation of grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Gomphocerinae)

Mountains contribute disproportionately to global biodiversity, yet the ecological and evolutionary processes that make them important centers of speciation remain poorly understood. Here, we use a complex of Gomphocerinae grasshoppers distributed across the Pyrenees as a model system to investigate the process of speciation in mountain regions. Clustering analyses revealed a marked genetic fragmentation of populations and divergence time estimates indicated that all lineages split during the Pleistocene (