Dietary vitamin A modifies the gut microbiota and intestinal tissue transcriptome, impacting intestinal permeability and the release of inflammatory factors, thereby influencing Aβ pathology

This study aimed to investigate how dietary vitamin A affects the gut microbiota and intestinal tissue, influencing intestinal permeability, inflammatory factors, and Aβ pathology. The APP/PS1-AD mouse model was used, and mice were fed different vitamin A diets for 12 weeks. The groups included vitamin A-deficient (VAD), normal vitamin A (VAN), and vitamin A-supplemented (VAS). No significant changes in food intake and body weight were observed among the groups. However, the VAD and VAS groups showed reduced food intake compared to the VAN group at various time points. In terms of cognitive function, the VAN group performed better in the Morris Water Maze Test, indicating superior learning and memory abilities. The VAD and VAS groups exhibited impaired performance, with the VAS group performing relatively better than the VAD group. Serum vitamin A concentrations differed significantly among the groups, with the VAS group having the highest concentration. Aβ levels were significantly hig..., Experimental design and collection of small intestine tissue samples：
In this study, we utilized thirty male APP/PS1 mice (4 weeks old) and randomly allocated them into three groups based on their body weight: VAD, VAN, and VAS groups. The mice were fed with AIN93G diet supplemented with varying levels of vitamin A: 0 IU/g (VAD group), 4 IU/g (VAN group), or 15 IU/g (VAS group). Following a 12-week experimental period, the mice underwent a 12-hour fasting period, followed by intraperitoneal injection of sodium pentobarbital for anesthesia, and subsequent blood collection from the eyeballs. Subsequently, the mice were euthanized, and intestinal tissues were collected. A 10-centimeter segment from the upper part of the small intestine was isolated and washed with PBS. These tissues were promptly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80°C for subsequent RNA sequencing and transcriptome analysis.
Experimental procedure for transcriptome sequencing analysis:
1.The workflow of mRNA sequenc..., , In our uploaded database, each sample has two FASTQ files. The corresponding group samples grouped into VAD, VAN, and VAS group names for the FASTQ files are as follows:

**VAD Group:**

\- VAD1 (Unknown_BL563-01T0001)

\- VAD2 (Unknown_BL563-01T0002)

\- VAD3 (Unknown_BL563-01T0003)

\- VAD4 (Unknown_BL563-01T0004)

\- VAD5 (Unknown_BL563-01T0005)

\- VAD6 (Unknown_BL563-01T0006)

\- VAD7 (Unknown_BL563-01T0007)

\- VAD8 (Unknown_BL563-01T0008)

\- VAD9 (Unknown_BL563-01T0009)

\- VAD10 (Unknown_BL563-01T0010)

**VAN Group:**

\- VAN1 (Unknown_BL563-01T0011)

\- VAN2 (Unknown_BL563-01T0012)

\- VAN3 (Unknown_BL563-01T0013)

\- VAN4 (Unknown_BL563-01T0014)

\- VAN5 (Unknown_BL563-01T0015)

\- VAN6 (Unknown_BL563-01T0016)

\- VAN7 (Unknown_BL563-01T0017)

\- VAN8 (Unknown_BL563-01T0018)

\- VAN9 (Unknown_BL563-01T0019)

\- VAN10 (Unknown_BL563-01T0020)

**VAS Group:**

\- VAS1 (Unknown_BL563-01T0021)

\- VAS2 (Unknown_BL563-01T0022)

\- VAS3 (Unknown_BL563-01T0023)

\- VAS4 (Unknown_BL56...