Proof Engine Verification: Eating the same calories late at night leads to significantly more weight gain and fat storage than earlier in the day.

Verdict: PARTIALLY VERIFIED - **SC1 — Fat storage effects: ESTABLISHED.** Three independently verified peer-reviewed sources confirm that eating the same total calories later in the day measurably increases fat storage and reduces fat oxidation compared to earlier eating. A randomized controlled trial (Gu et al. 2020) showed late dinner reduced dietary fat oxidation by ~10 percentage points (74.5% vs 84.5%, P=.02). A controlled observational study (McHill et al. 2017) found circadian food timing predicts body fat independe