Multi-track Multi-layer Laser Additive Manufacturing Quality Monitoring Dataset

Real-time visual data on molten pool dynamics, spatters, and plumes are captured using a CF8/5 MX high-speed CCD camera, operating at 768 × 494 resolution and 50 frames per second, positioned coaxially with the laser beam. To construct the dataset, 48 multi-track and multi-layer specimens were fabricated using 30CrNi2MoVA steel powder under varied process parameters. The folder "pic_all" contains all the CCD image data collected during the printing process of these 48 sample sets, with each experimental file named according to the format "Power-Speed".A local-to-local spatiotemporal mapping strategy was adopted to generate a labeled dataset, leveraging multi-track, multi-layer melt pool image sequences to characterize the localized porosity states within the part. Specifically, a 0.4-second sampling time window was employed to continuously extract molten pool image data along the temporal axis of the laser AM process, while simultaneously sliding along the specimen’s length to annotate the corresponding input data with the total volume of local defects within each spatial window. Each sample corresponds to the data from a single 0.4-second sampling window. This approach preserves the local dynamic variations of the molten pool and establishes a spatiotemporal correlation between melt pool evolution and defect formation. The final dataset consists of 4360 samples, each comprising a sequence of 1800 melt pool images (20 images per track across 3 tracks and 30 layers). Therefore, the folder "pic_all_txt_4360" contains the image names corresponding to each sample.Based on the total pore volume within the corresponding sample regions as determined by X-ray CT, these samples were classified into three defect size–related states: negligible (label 0), medium-sized (label 1), and large-sized (label 2). The file "all_samples_3_4360_V.xlsx" contains the three-class labels, with the first column as "Sample_ID", the second column as "Total_Volume", and the third column as "label".