Eurosta solidaginis genome assembly. Eurosta solidaginis isolate:an individual from the population in King City

This study aims to generate a high-quality genome assembly and annotation for Eurosta solidaginis, the goldenrod gall fly, an insect renowned for its exceptional adaptation to extreme cold environments. Larvae develop within galls on goldenrod plants and can survive winter temperatures reaching as low as -60 degrees Celsius. The resulting genomic resources will provide a foundation for investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying cold tolerance and adaptation to seasonal environments. Genomic DNA for whole-genome sequencing was obtained from a single pupa collected in King City. To support genome annotation, transcriptomic data were generated from multiple life stages and tissue types. RNA sequencing was performed on adult flies collected from King City and London, Ontario, including male and female head, thorax, abdomen, as well as whole pupae. In addition, time series RNAseq data were included from larvae collected from galls in London, Ontario, during 2012 and 2013. Larvae were exposed to controlled cold-shock and recovery treatments to capture diverse gene expression profiles relevant to cold response. Together, these genomic and transcriptomic resources will support comprehensive analyses of cold tolerance, gene regulation, and quantitative trait evolution in this ecologically important insect system.