Mean yearly and total yearly medical expenditure for patients with T1D and matched controls (2005 dollars).

aNinety-five percent confidence intervals in parentheses. ***, **, * indicate the 1 percent, 5 percent and 10 percent significance levels, respectively.bER visits are likely under-reported. It is possible that a hospital visit that started out as an emergency room visit was reported as simply a hospital visit, and coded that way. Although MEPS does provide a variable that indicates if a hospital visit began with an ER visit, we would not know how to allocate the costs between ER and hospital, so we do not use this variable.cOutcomes do not add up to total because total medical expenditure includes some other factors (home health care, vision, etc.) that are each small.