Studies included in the meta-analysis and their descriptors.

1Only patients with radiographically confirmed pneumonia were included.2All studies were prospective, except #5 and #13.3All studies were included in the analyses of the proportion of pneumococcal pneumonia that is bacteremic and the proportion of CAP attributable to pneumococcus except # 10, #24, and #32, because these did not include blood cultures, #13, because this did not include sputum cultures, and #21 and #25, because even though all three diagnostic tests were done, we did not have sufficient information to determine the overlap in diagnostic yield of the three tests.4The numbers of patients undergoing the test was unknown; thus, the percentage is the number of positive tests among all study participants.5Patients with HIV were excluded if CD46All specimens were collected within 12 hours of the first dose of antibiotics.