Means (and standard deviations) for standardized test performance for typically developing (TD) and reading disability (RD) groups.

Note: WASI = Wechsler Abbreviated Intelligence Scale; VIQ = Verbal Intelligence Quotient; PIQ = Performance Intelligence Quotient; WRAT = Wide Range Achievement Test; WJ-III = Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Achievement; Word ID = Word Identification; TOWRE = Test of Word Reading Efficiency; SWE = Sight Word Efficiency; PDE = Phonemic Decoding Efficiency. CTOPP = Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing. Standard scores are presented (M = 100, SD = 15).