Data for: Improvements in the Land and Crop Modeling over Flooded Rice Fields by Incorporating the Shallow Paddy Water (Submitting to the Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems)

We incorporated the shallow paddy surface water layer into the Noah-MP land surface model to improve its performance of surface heat fluxes over flooded rice paddies. Field measurements from two crop sites, i.e., SAITO (early rice) and SAGA (late rice), were used to initialize and evaluate the modified Noah-MP model (Maruyama, 2021). Additionally, we investigated the roles of some key parameters in the land and crop modeling. Note that, all numerical experiments in this study were conducted at the field scale using the offline version of Noah-MP (Niu et al., 2011) running within the High-Resolution Land Data Assimilation System (HRLDAS v3.9; Chen et al., 2007). Please refer to the official HRLDAS/Noah-MP unified Github repository (https://github.com/NCAR/hrldas-release) for the original model codes. The related model code modifications and model outputs were included in this dataset. Surface observations for the nearest AMeDAS or meteorological observatory stations were obtained from the Japan Meteorological Agency website (https://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.html), and were also provided in this dataset. References Chen, F., Manning, K. W., LeMone, M. A., Trier, S. B., Alfieri, J. G., Roberts, R. D., et al. (2007). Description and evaluation of the characteristics of the NCAR high‐resolution land data assimilation system. Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, 46(6), 694-713. https://doi.org/10.1175/JAM2463.1 Maruyama, A. (2021). Data for: Coupling land surface and crop models to estimate the effects of changes in the growing season on energy balance and water use of rice paddies (version 2) [Data set]. Mendeley Data. https://doi.org/10.17632/tv23z95r5g.2 Niu, G., Yang, Z., Mitchell, K., Chen, F., Ek, M., Barlage, M., et al. (2011). The community Noah land surface model with multiparameterization options (Noah‐MP): 1. Model description and evaluation with local‐scale measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, D12109. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JD015139