Probiotics Mitigate Gut Hypoperfusion-Associated Gastrointestinal Injury after Cardiopulmonary Bypass

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a widely used technique in cardiac surgery, but CPB often leads to gut hypoperfusion and systemic inflammatory response syndrome through various mechanisms. Acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) is a severe complication for patients undergoing heart valve replacement with CPB, hence poor prognosis. Gut microbiota imbalances were present in patients who underwent CPB. Preoperative prophylactic administration of probiotics can lead to changes in the postoperative gut microbiota and improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of AGI.