家禽疾病爆发风险管理

Livestockdiseasescanseverelyharmanimalandhumanhealth,andhaveadverseeconomicimpactsonproducerincomes,markets,trade,andconsumers.Thispaperdevelopsacommonframeworktoimproveinformationonpublicactionsandpoliciestomanageoutbreaksoflivestockdiseasesacrosscountries.Themainaimistofacilitatetheassessmentoftheeffectivenessandefficiencyofdifferentpolicyresponsestodiseaseoutbreaks.Apilotdatabasecoveringfourlivestockdiseases(avianinfluenza,bovinespongiformencephalopathy,classicalswinefever,andfootandmouthdisease)inninecountries(Canada,Denmark,France,Germany,Hungary,Japan,Mexico,theNetherlands,andtheUnitedKingdom)wasconstructed.Itcombinesthreelayersofdata:epidemiologicalfactors;governmentcontrolandcompensationmeasures;andeconomicimpactsofdiseaseoutbreaks.Policyresponsestooutbreakswerereviewedbasedontheinformationgeneratedfromthedataanalysis.Theresultsshowthatgovernmentexpenditurestodestroypathogensviaslaughterandcompensationpolicymeasureswereveryexpensive,especiallyinthecaseoflargeorprolongedoutbreaks,andthatmeasurescompensatingfinanciallossesatthefarmlevelgeneratedthehighestshareofgovernmentexpendituresintheshortrun.