Healthcare provider practices: diagnosis.

∧Equal numbers used clinical and laboratory tests.§Multiple response answers.€Lower cadre providers (senior and junior community health extension workers and pharmacy technicians).αHigher cadre providers (doctors, nurses, and community health officers).†Used clinical and lab-based tests: 62% sometimes and 26% always.µ25.6% used both RDT and microscopy.¢Used RDTs only.¥Policy document identified by review authors.∞Frequency of RDT use: always 9.2%, most of time 33.6%, sometimes 22.7%, rarely 26.1%, never 8.4%.±Microscopy or RDT; 3% used clinical and lab.≠Healthcare provider asks about presence of fever/assesses for signs and symptoms of anaemia.CHW, community health worker; DV, drug vendor/shop; HP, healthcare provider; MA, medical assistant; MD, medical doctor; NA, not reported by study authors; pharm, pharmacist (trained); PSI, Population Services International Research and Metrics; PW, pregnant women.