Comparative analysis of oil palm extraction rates and nutritional profiles of indigenous and introduced hybrid genotypes cultivated in selected districts of Uganda

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. L.) is the leading global source of plant-based oil. However, Uganda relies on imported hybrid varieties because it lacks a domestic breeding program. To inform potential breeding efforts, this study evaluated oil extraction rates and nutritional profiles of indigenous and introduced hybrid oil palm genotypes cultivated in Bundibugyo, Kanungu, and Kalangala districts. Seventy-five ripe fruit bunches were collected, and palm oil was extracted using a screw press. Measurements of oil extraction rate and stearin mass recovery were performed. Nutritional analysis of olein samples included carbohydrate quantification via the Anthrone method; fatty acid quantification (linolenic, linoleic, oleic, palmitic, and stearic acids) using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with UV detection; and beta-carotene concentration determined using spectrophotometry. Statistical differences between groups were assessed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test, as data for most variables did not meet the assumptions for parametric tests. Indigenous genotypes showed slightly higher mean oil extraction rates (23.3%) and stearin recovery (22.6%) than hybrids (22.8 and 17.9%, respectively). These results highlight the potential of indigenous genotypes as promising candidates for breeding programs aimed at enhancing oil yield and nutritional quality under Uganda’s agro-ecological conditions. The study provides foundational data to support the development of a sustainable, locally adapted oil palm breeding initiative.