Leopard and spotted hyena camera trap dataset

Human disturbance has the potential to alter competitive interactions, favoring species better able to adapt to areas used by humans. One such species is the spotted hyena (Crocutu crocuta), which has been successful in human dominated areas throughout Africa, competing through kleptoparasitism with other carnivore species (e.g., leopards [Panthera pardus]). In the Udzungwa Mountains, Tanzania, leopard density declines sharply close to human settlements and hyenas are their only competitors. Using camera trap data and a spatio-temporal occupancy model, we assessed the relative dominance of each species through spatial co-occurrence, altered activity patterns and temporary site avoidance. We tested the hypothesis that hyenas gain a competitive advantage over leopards in human-dominated areas due to their relatively higher tolerance for anthropogenic activities. We found that while hyena occupancy was best predicted by prey occupancy and not strongly affected by landscape factors associat..., Ethics Statement
Data collection consisted of non-invasive, remotely set camera traps and did not involve direct contact or interaction with the animals. This research was conducted under research permit numbers 2013-274-NA-2013-111 and 2014-137-ER-2013-111, issued to RWH by the Tanzania Commission for Science and Technology (COSTECH).
Study area
The Udzungwa Mountains are in south-central Tanzania (centred on 7◦46’ S, 36◦43’ E) and are part of the renowned biodiversity hotspot of the Eastern Arc Mountains (Rovero, Menegon, et al. 2014; Burgess et al. 2007). The Udzungwa Mountains are completely encompassed by agriculture, with no connectivity to nearby protected areas (Rovero, Martin, et al. 2014). Northern Udzungwa is protected as the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP; 1990 km2) which merges to the south and west with the central part of the Kilombero Nature Reserve (1345 km2 (Figure 1).
Camera trapping
We deployed six camera trap arrays covering approximately 2500 km2 across fiv..., , # Leopard and spotted hyena camera trap dataset

Actual_date_out: refers to the deployment date
Retrievel_date: referes to date camera trap was collected
Long = longitude
Lat = latitude
Timestamp = time of photographic capture
Common name = refers to name and gender of species photographed
Scientific name = refers to latin name of species including gender
Count = number of animals
Distance_to_river: refers to distance to nearest river in meters
Distance_to_boundary: refers to nearest distance to protected area boundary in the Udzungwa mountains
Habitat = habitat type
Mean_prey_occupancy: refers to mean prey species occupancy calculated for 6 different camera trap grids ref to Havm'f8ller et al. 2019.