Distinct gene expression signatures comparing latent tuberculosis infection with different routes of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccination

RNA-Seq was utilized to provide an unbiased assessment of systemic and mucosal immunity using blood cells from LTBI subjects and recipients of ID and oral (PO) BCG. Overall design: BAL cell gene expression was evaluated after overnight culture in medium alone (baseline conditions), or with virulent Mtb strain H37Rv in patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and in BCG-vaccinated (ID and PO groups) and Mtb/BCG-naive patients.