Relationship between Manufacturing Process and Sustainable Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between the manufacturing process and the sustainable performance of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) within the manufacturing sector in Bauchi State, Nigeria. Utilizing a correlational research design and an "A Priori" power analysis via G-Power 3.1, data were gathered from registered and functional manufacturing firms across the state. Out of 210 questionnaires distributed, 197 valid responses were retrieved (a 94% response rate) and analyzed using SPSS version 25 and SmartPLS 4 to evaluate the measurement and structural models. The findings reveal a positive and significant direct relationship between the manufacturing process and the sustainable performance of SMEs. The coefficient of determination indicates that the manufacturing process explains 10.8% of the variance in sustainable performance. Based on these findings, SME owner-managers in Nigeria should adopt energy-efficient technologies, lean manufacturing practices, and optimized resource utilization to minimize waste and reduce carbon emissions. Additionally, firms should partner with technology providers to access affordable green manufacturing tools, which will enhance operational efficiency, ensure compliance with environmental regulations, and boost long-term sustainable performance.