miR-199 Family Regulates Sonic Hedgehog Expression During Craniofacial Development

Through microarray analyses of three SHH conditions, we were able to identify the miR-199 family as a family of miRNAs that is regulated by SHH signaling from the brain. To identify miRNAs that are regulated by SHH signaling within the brain and are active during the development of the upper jaw, we performed miRNA microarray analysis on the chick frontonasal ectodermal zone in normal embryos before (HH18) and after (HH22) the onset of SHH expression, after activating SHH (SHH-N or PBS control) or blocking SHH (5E1 or 40-1A control) signaling in the neural tube at HH10 and examined gene expression at HH22.