data_in_EFA;3D_plot_example_fig7a;2D_plot_example_fig12 from Equivalent in-plane elastic moduli of honeycomb materials under hypergravity conditions

Honeycomb materials frequently encounter hypergravity conditions in both aerospace and biological contexts during phases such as launch, reentry or under centrifugal motion. The significant body force engendered by hypergravity induces alterations in the microstructure of honeycomb materials, which in turn, influences their macroscopic mechanical behaviour. Leveraging the stiffness of the beam element as a pivotal variable, we successfully derived the equivalent moduli of the honeycomb material under hypergravity conditions. We further proposed the concept of a ‘hypergravity factor’, elucidating that the density of the base material, the dimensions of honeycomb cells, and the magnitude of the hypergravity contribute to amplifying hypergravity effects. The results, numerically validated through finite-element simulations, could be reduced to the case that neglects body force. The critical buckling load of the honeycomb material under hypergravity can be assessed by setting the derived moduli to zero. In the presence of hypergravity, a honeycomb material undergoes a transition into a gradient material along the hypergravity direction, thereby exacerbating anisotropy. This phenomenon is theoretically expected to occur in virtually all porous materials. The analytical framework adopted, which employs beam stiffness as an intermediary variable, facilitates the extension of these results to honeycomb materials which encompass beam elements with functional gradients or varying cross-sectional morphologies.