Participants’ characteristics.

Participants were grouped into uninfected women or women with placental malaria (PM), with or without intervillositis (IV), and their characteristics were compared. Data are represented as median (25th, 75th percentiles), except for haemoglobin concentration and birth weight (mean ± standard deviation), as well as the number of anaemic and low birth weight cases. The percentages of parasitised erythrocytes and monocytes were determined from 500 cells counted in placental intervillous spaces. All parameters were recorded at delivery. Differences between proportions of anaemic and low birth weight cases were tested using chi-square test. Comparisons for normally distributed and non-normally distributed variables were performed using one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test, respectively. When p-value is <0.05, either a post Tukey’s or Dunn’s multiple comparison test was performed and differences that remained significant are as follows:
ap<0.05 for PM with IV group versus uninfected.
bp<0.01 for PM with IV group versus uninfected and p<0.001 for PM with IV group versus PM without IV group.
c, dp<0.001 for uninfected versus both PM and PM with IV groups, and for PM versus PM with IV group.