Climate and energy indicators for Europe from 1979 to present derived from reanalysis

The Copernicus climate change service (C3S) operational energy dataset provides climate and energy indicators for the European energy sector. The climate-relevant indicators for the energy sector considered are: air temperature, precipitation, incoming solar radiation, wind speed at 10 m and 100 m, and mean sea level air pressure. The energy indicators are electricity demand and power generation from various sources: wind (both onshore and offshore), solar and hydro (run-of-river and reservoir) power. Depending on the indicator, the data are available at the national, regional and grid (approximately 30x30 km) level for most European countries. The spatial aggregation of data over land uses the Eurostat NUTS0 & NUTS2 (Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques, 2016) regions. The offshore variables (e.g. offshore wind power) use the European maritime region definitions MAR0 and MAR1. Further information on the NUTS and MAR regions can be found in the documentation.
The C3S Energy operational service is composed of three main streams: historical (1979-present), seasonal forecasts and projections (typically covering the period 1970-2100). This historical dataset (1979-present) produces reference climate variables based on the ERA5 reanalysis. Energy variables are generated by transforming the climate variables using a combination of statistical models and physically based data. A comprehensive set of measured energy supply and demand data has been collected from various sources such as the European Network of Transmission System Operators (ENTSO-E). These data provide a crucial reference to assess the robustness of the models used to convert climate into electric energy variables.
Data is provided for the European domain, in a multi-variable, multi-timescale view of the climate and energy systems. This is beneficial in anticipating important climate-driven changes in the energy sector, through either long-term planning or medium-term operational activities. This is also used to investigate the role of temperature on electricity demand across Europe, as well as its interaction with the variability of renewable energy generation.

哥白尼气候变化服务（Copernicus climate change service，简称C3S）的运营能源数据集为欧洲能源行业提供了气候与能源指标。该数据集所考虑的与气候相关的能源行业指标包括：空气温度、降水量、入射太阳辐射、10米和100米处的风速以及平均海平面气压。能源指标涵盖电力需求和来自不同来源的电力生成，包括陆上和海上风电、太阳能以及河流径流和水库水力发电。根据不同的指标，数据在大多数欧洲国家可提供国家、区域和电网（约30x30公里）级别的信息。陆地使用数据的空间聚合采用欧洲统计局NUTS0 & NUTS2（Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques，2016）区域。海上变量（如海上风电）使用欧洲海事区域定义MAR0和MAR1。有关NUTS和MAR区域更详细的信息可在文档中找到。

C3S能源运营服务由三个主要流组成：历史数据（1979年至今）、季节性预报和预测（通常涵盖1970-2100年期间）。此历史数据集（1979年至今）基于ERA5再分析产生参考气候变量。能源变量通过结合统计模型和基于物理数据的方法对气候变量进行转换而生成。一套全面的能源供应和需求测量数据已从欧洲传输系统运营商网络（ENTSO-E）等不同来源收集。这些数据为评估用于将气候转换为电力能源变量的模型鲁棒性提供了关键参考。

数据提供了欧洲区域的多变量、多时间尺度的气候和能源系统视角。这对于通过长期规划或中期运营活动来预测能源行业的重要气候驱动变化具有重要意义。这同样用于研究温度对欧洲电力需求的影响，以及其与可再生能源发电变率的相互作用。