rat fecal samples in three experimental groups (control group, VPA-exposed group, and VPA-exposed and melatonin-treated group).

Metagenomic sequencing data from rat fecal samples in three experimental groups (control group, VPA-exposed group, and VPA-exposed and melatonin-treated group). Fecal samples were collected under sterile conditions and frozen at -80C before DNA extraction and analysis. DNA library and metagenomic sequencing were performed by Sangon Biotech CO, Ltd. Sequencing reads were subjected to stringent preprocessing (fastp: adapter removal, Q20-filtered reads; Bowtie2: host genome exclusion), followed by hybrid de novo assembly (MEGAHIT/SPAdes) and binning into metagenome-assembled genomes. Open reading frames (ORFs) identified via Prodigal were clustered and functionally annotated against KEGG (metabolic pathways), OG (orthologous groups), GO (gene ontology) using DIAMOND (P < 0.05).