Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin

Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian nomadic groups arrived to present day Hungary from the Eurasian steppe and significantly influenced the political and ethnical landscape of the Carpathian Basin, however their origin remains largely unknown. In order to shed light on the genetic affinity of above groups we have determined Y chromosomal haplogroups and autosomal loci, suitable to predict body color phenotypes and biogeographic ancestry, from 3 Hun period, 15 Avar period and 31 Hungarian period individuals, supposed to represent elite groups.