Taxonomy and phylogenetics of <i>Tmesiphantes</i> Simon, 1892 (Araneae, Theraphosidae)

The tarantula genus <i>Tmesiphantes</i> Simon, 1892 (Theraphosinae) includes nine valid species, with records for the states of Bahia (<i>T. nubilus</i>, <i>T. caymmii</i>, <i>T. amadoi</i>, <i>T. bethaniae</i>, <i>T. hypogeus</i>, and <i>T. mirim</i>), Minas Gerais (<i>T. perp</i> and <i>T. riopretano</i>), and Pará (<i>T. aridai</i>), all in Brazil. In the present study, we reviewed the taxonomy of the <i>Tmesiphantes</i> species and performed a phylogenetic analysis using morphological characters. Four new species are described: <i>T. amazonicus</i> sp. nov., <i>T. guayarus</i> sp. nov., <i>T. nordestinus</i> sp. nov., and <i>T. raulseixasi</i> sp. nov., which expand the geographic distribution for the following states in Brazil: Goiás, Mato Grosso, Piauí, Paraíba, and Pernambuco, occurring in the Caatinga shrublands Cerrado savannas, Atlantic rain forest, and Brazilian Amazon. Phylogenetic analysis included 30 terminal taxa and 37 characters, including representatives of nine genera of Theraphosinae. The <i>Tmesiphantes</i> species formed a monophyletic group with the species hitherto included in <i>Melloleitaoina</i> and <i>Magulla</i>, with the latter being paraphyletic, which led us to propose the synonymy of these three genera. An updated diagnosis is proposed for the genus <i>Tmesiphantes</i>, which now comprises 19 species, occurring in major Brazilian biomes and in Argentina. A distribution map that includes all <i>Tmesiphantes</i> species and notes on their distributions are provided.

狒蛛亚科（Theraphosinae）下的<i>Tmesiphantes</i>属（Simon于1892年建立）为捕鸟蛛类群，目前包含9个有效物种，其分布记录遍及巴西的巴伊亚州（含<i>T. nubilus</i>、<i>T. caymmii</i>、<i>T. amadoi</i>、<i>T. bethaniae</i>、<i>T. hypogeus</i>及<i>T. mirim</i>）、米纳斯吉拉斯州（含<i>T. perp</i>与<i>T. riopretano</i>）以及帕拉州（含<i>T. aridai</i>）。本研究对<i>Tmesiphantes</i>属物种的分类学问题进行了系统梳理，并基于形态性状开展了系统发育分析。本次研究描述了4个新种：<i>T. amazonicus</i> sp. nov.、<i>T. guayarus</i> sp. nov.、<i>T. nordestinus</i> sp. nov.及<i>T. raulseixasi</i> sp. nov.，这些新种将该属的分布范围扩展至巴西的戈亚斯州、马托格罗索州、皮奥伊州、帕拉伊巴州与伯南布哥州，其栖息生境涵盖卡廷加灌丛、塞拉多稀树草原、大西洋雨林及巴西亚马逊区域。本次系统发育分析共纳入30个末端分类单元与37个性状，涵盖狒蛛亚科9个属的代表类群。分析结果显示，<i>Tmesiphantes</i>属物种与此前归入<i>Melloleitaoina</i>和<i>Magulla</i>的物种共同构成一个单系群，而<i>Magulla</i>属为并系群，据此我们提议将这三个属进行同物异名处理。本研究为<i>Tmesiphantes</i>属提出了更新的鉴别特征，该属目前共计包含19个物种，分布于巴西主要生物群系及阿根廷境内。本研究同时提供了涵盖所有<i>Tmesiphantes</i>属物种的分布图及各物种的分布情况说明。

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集聚焦于Tmesiphantes属蜘蛛的分类学和系统发育研究，通过对形态特征的分析，描述了4个新物种并扩展了该属在巴西多个州的地理分布。研究还提出将Melloleitaoina和Magulla属归为同义词，使Tmesiphantes属的物种总数增至19种，涵盖了巴西主要生物群落和阿根廷地区，并提供了分布图和相关注释。