Clinical characteristics of COPD patients, smokers, and non-smokers examined in this study.
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*P<0.05 vs. non-smoker. †P<0.05 vs. smoker. #Smoking history in patients with stage I , II, III, and IV COPD were 51.8±7.7, 60.8±7.9, 56.2±5.7 and 56.3±7.0 pack-years, respectively. a: Methylxanthines or Oxitropium bromide. COPD: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. GOLD: Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. BMI: body mass index. FVC: forced vital capacity. FEV1: forced expiratory volume in one second. LAMA: long-acting muscarinic antagonists. ICS: inhaled corticosteroids. LABA: long-acting β2-agonists.
创建时间：
2011-09-07
