Reliable efficient cluster routing protocol based HTDE scheme for UWSN

Underwater sensor networks (UWSNs) are recently recognized as a promising method for monitoring and exploring the underwater environment. Due to real-time remote data monitoring requirements, UWSN has become a preferred network to a large extent. But reliable and efficient secure data transmission to the receiver is one of the most important challenges for UWSNs, often suffer from irreplaceable batteries and high latency for long-distance communications. The most challenging task is extending network life, shortening transmission distances for each node. Thus, this paper presents the reliable efficient cluster routing (RECR) protocol, optimal shortest path finding (OSPF) algorithm and hill transformation data encryption (HTDE) algorithm for UWSNs. The proposed encryption algorithm encrypts the data from the source node, and the RECR protocol is used for reliable data delivery from source to destination. To extend the network's life, RECR employs autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) from the sink node (SN) for data collection. The OSPF algorithm is used to find the shortest path for data transmission to avoid latency. The proposed RECR protocol, HTDE and OSPF algorithm enhance the secure data transmission efficiency, minimizing the energy consumption and improves the network life time. The proposed protocol decreases end-to-end latency, packet loss.