PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL ALTERATIONS CAUSED BY TOXIC AGENTS: MECHANISMS OF INTOXICATION AND THEIR FORENSIC RELEVANCE

Exposure to toxic substances leads to a wide spectrum of physiological disturbances, ranging from mild functional impairment to fatal organ failure. A comprehensive understanding of intoxication mechanisms is essential in both medical and forensic contexts. This paper discusses the principal pathways through which toxic agents exert their effects, the resulting cellular and systemic alterations, and the role of these changes in forensic investigations.