Efficient replication of avian, porcine and human influenza A viruses in well-differentiated bovine airway epithelial cells

We report that differentiated bovine airway epithelial cells are susceptible to avian, swine, and human influenza A viruses. This indicates that cows are a potential host of avian and mammalian influenza A viruses and may be implicated in the transmission of influenza viruses to other animal species and humans.