Figure 1. Flowchart of the study participants

This study conducted a cross-sectional survey to identify factors related to a sense of economic insecurity among older adults who participate in social activities (not limited to older adults experiencing frailty) in Japan. The participants of the study were older adults aged 65 years or older who voluntarily participated in low-cost community-based social activities, such as exercise and hobby activities, and who were able to fill out a self-administered survey form. The questionnaire encompassed their physical, cognitive, social, and psychological conditions, and economic insecurity. Figure 1 shows the flowchart of the study participants.