Four new species of <i>Talaromyces</i> section <i>Talaromyces</i> discovered in China
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Four new <i>Talaromyces</i> species without any close relatives are reported here, namely, <i>T. aureolinus</i> (ex-type AS3.15865 <sup>T</sup>), <i>T. bannicus</i> (ex-type AS3.15862 <sup>T</sup>), <i>T. penicillioides</i> (ex-type AS3.15822 <sup>T</sup>), and <i>T. sparsus</i> (ex-type AS3.16003 <sup>T</sup>). Morphologically, <i>T. aureolinus</i> is unique in producing orange-yellow mycelium and gymnothecia, singly borne asci, and ellipsoidal, spiny ascospores. <i>Talaromyces bannicus</i> is characterized by the slow growth rate, polymorphic conidiophores, inconsistent stipe lengths, and pyriform to ellipsoidal, echinulate conidia. <i>Talaromyces penicillioides</i> is distinguished by good growth and sporulation on malt extract agar (MEA) and yeast extract sucrose agar (YES) media, resembling the colony appearances of certain <i>Penicillium</i> species, and appressed biverticillate and occasionally monoverticillate penicilli bearing globose to ellipsoidal, echinulate conidia. <i>Talaromyces sparsus</i> has wide, submerged colony margins with sparse aerial mycelium, and conidial areas overlaid with yellow-green, sterile hyphae on MEA medium. These four new species are well supported by individual phylogenetic trees based on β-tubulin (<i>BENA</i>), calmodulin (<i>CALM</i>), DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (<i>RPB2</i>), and internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) gene sequences and the tree of the concatenated <i>BENA-CALM-RPB2</i> sequence.
